Sources, data and licences
Hebrew lexicon
The Hebrew words shown for each value come from Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (James Strong, 1890), as edited and corrected by the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project in its file HebrewStrong.xml. The project releases its files under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence; the underlying text of Strong’s dictionary is in the public domain. Credit: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project.
We use 8,674 entries (2,678 of them proper names and 653 Aramaic). We remove vowel points before calculating, so a value applies to the consonantal spelling. The glosses are Strong’s own short definitions, which are old and sometimes quaint. Our processed data files (/data/he/) are shared under the same CC BY 4.0 licence.
English word list
English words come from the 2of12 list in Alan Beale’s 12dicts collection (version 6.0.2), which its author has placed in the public domain, asking only for acknowledgement. We kept 39,523 lower-case entries and removed a short list of slurs and obscenities.
Calendar
The Hebrew calendar arithmetic follows Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations. The implementation is our own. We test it against Hebcal (@hebcal/core, GPL-2.0) on our own computers; Hebcal code is not part of this website. The tests cover every date from 1800 to 2239 and every Shabbat Torah reading from Hebrew year 5560 to 5999 in both Israel and the Diaspora.
Classical texts
Every classical citation on this site was checked against the text, using the Hebrew and English texts published by Sefaria (for Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, Midrash and Rashi) and standard translations for Greek and Latin authors. Links go to the passage so you can read it in context:
- Mishnah, Pirkei Avot 3:18
- Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 20a
- Babylonian Talmud, Nedarim 32a
- Babylonian Talmud, Nedarim 32b
- Babylonian Talmud, Nazir 5a
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 97b
- Babylonian Talmud, Sukkah 45b
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 38a
- Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin 65a
- Mishnah, Oktzin 3:12
- Babylonian Talmud, Makkot 23b
- Mishnah, Oholot 1:8
- Babylonian Talmud, Pesachim 118a
- Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 9a
- Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 17b
- Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 17b
- Mishnah, Pirkei Avot 5:21
- Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 104a
- Rashi on Numbers 15:39
- Rashi on Sukkah 45a, s.v. “Ani vaho”
- Rashi on Jeremiah 25:26
- Rashi on Jeremiah 51:1
- Bamidbar Rabbah 13:16 (Sefaria numbering)
- Sefer Yetzirah 1:1
- Sefer Yetzirah 1:2
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.24.7 (tr. Roberts & Rambaut, Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)
- Irenaeus, Against Heresies 5.30.1 (tr. Roberts & Rambaut, Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)
- Suetonius, Life of Nero 39.2 (Loeb translation, J. C. Rolfe, via LacusCurtius)
- Sibylline Oracles 1.324–331
What we left out
Some claims are repeated all over the internet without a traceable source. If we could not find a claim in a text we could check, we left it out or said that we could not verify it. The page on 358 is an example.